Machine Learning–Driven Behavioral Analysis of High-Volume Network Traffic for Advanced Persistent Threat Detection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63282/3050-922X.IJERET-V5I2P109Keywords:
Advanced Persistent Threats (APT), Machine Learning, Network Traffic Analysis, Behavioral Modeling, Cybersecurity, Anomaly Detection, Intrusion Detection, High-Volume NetworksAbstract
The proliferation of high-volume network traffic in modern enterprises poses significant challenges for detecting Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), which often evade traditional signature-based security mechanisms. This study presents a machine learning–driven framework for behavioral analysis of network traffic aimed at identifying APTs in real time. By leveraging both supervised and unsupervised learning models, the proposed approach constructs behavioral profiles of normal network activity and identifies deviations indicative of malicious actions. Extensive experiments were conducted on benchmark and simulated enterprise datasets, evaluating model performance in terms of detection accuracy, false positive rate, and computational efficiency. Results demonstrate that hybrid modeling, combining anomaly detection with pattern recognition, achieves superior detection of stealthy APT campaigns compared to conventional methods. Additionally, the framework addresses scalability and real-time deployment considerations, enabling its integration within high-throughput network environments. The findings highlight the potential of machine learning for proactive cybersecurity and provide actionable insights for enhancing enterprise threat monitoring systems. The study contributes a comprehensive methodology, experimental validation, and a reference architecture for ML-based behavioral analysis in high-volume networks
References
[1] D. K. Bhattacharyya and J. K. Kalita, Network Anomaly Detection: A Machine Learning Perspective. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2013.
[2] M. H. Bhuyan, D. K. Bhattacharyya, and J. K. Kalita, Network Traffic Anomaly Detection and Prevention: Concepts, Techniques, and Tools. Springer, 2017.
[3] S. Flenman, “Machine Learning for Intrusion Detection in Network Traffic,” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, Malmö Univ., 2018.
[4] M. Al-Lail, A. Garcia, and S. Olivo, “Machine Learning for Network Intrusion Detection — A Comparative Study,” Future Internet, vol. 15, no. 7, 2023.
[5] M. Nandurdikar and R. Mahajan, “A Survey on Intelligent and Effective Intrusion Detection System using Machine Learning Algorithm,” Int. J. Eng. Res. & Technol., vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2020.
[6] R. Singh, N. Srivastava, and A. Kumar, “Machine Learning Techniques for Anomaly Detection in Network Traffic,” in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Image Information Processing (ICIIP), 2021, pp. –.
[7] “Intrusion detection based on Machine Learning techniques in computer networks,” Internet of Things, vol. 16, Dec. 2021.
[8] L. Zhou, G. Cheng, S. Jiang & M. Dai, “Building an Efficient Intrusion Detection System Based on Feature Selection and Ensemble Classifier,” arXiv:1904.01352 [cs.CR], 2019. M. Gharib, B. Mohammadi, S. Hejareh Dastgerdi & M. Sabokrou, “AutoIDS: Auto-encoder Based Method for Intrusion Detection System,” arXiv:1911.03306 [cs.CR], 2019.
[9] “Deep learning approaches for anomaly-based intrusion detection systems: A survey, taxonomy, and open issues,” Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 189, Feb. 2020, Art. no. 105124.
[10] “A Study of Network Intrusion Detection Systems Using Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning,” Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no. 22, 2022.
[11] “Apply machine learning techniques to detect malicious network traffic in cloud computing,” J. Big Data, vol. 8, Article no. 90, 2021.
[12] “A Survey on Intelligent and Effective Intrusion Detection System using Machine Learning Algorithm,” IJERT, vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2020.
[13] “Survey on Intrusion Detection Systems Based on Machine Learning: Industrial Control Systems & Critical Infrastructure,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 5, 2023.
[14] “Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection Methods in IoT Systems: A Comprehensive Review,” Electronics, vol. 13, no. 18, 2024. (Note: publication in 2024 spills beyond your 2023 cutoff — include only if you plan text up to 2024)
[15] “Data-Driven Network Intrusion Detection: A Taxonomy of Challenges and Methods,” arXiv:2009.07352 [cs.CR], 2020.
[16] “Signature and anomaly based intrusion detection systems: A comparative analysis,” (various authors), IJS… etc. [survey source summarizing signature vs anomaly-based IDS] — see “Intrusion Detection System: A Survey” sources.
[17] K. C. Mouli et al., “Network Intrusion Detection using ML Techniques for High Volume Traffic,” in Proc. IC-MPC 2023. “Intrusion detection system (IDS) – A survey,” IJERT (or related journal) – earlier foundational survey.
[18] “Network security analysis using machine learning-based intrusion detection system methods,” Applied Tech & Engineering Studies, (year) – overview of supervised & unsupervised ML classifiers for network IDS.
[19] Goyal, Mahesh Kumar. "Synthetic Data Revolutionizes Rare Disease Research: How Large Language Models and Generative AI are Overcoming Data Scarcity and Privacy Challenges."
[20] “Machine Learning Approaches for Network Intrusion Detection: An Evaluation of their Efficacy in Bolstering Security,” IJRASET (or similar) (pre-2023).
[21] “Anomal-E: A Self-Supervised Network Intrusion Detection System based on Graph Neural Networks,” arXiv:2207.06819 [cs.CR], 2022.
[22] “Adversarial Network Traffic: Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Deep Learning-Based Network Traffic Classification,” arXiv:2003.01261 [cs.LG], 2020.
[23] “Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review for Anomaly Network Intrusion Detection Systems: Detection Methods, Dataset, Validation Methodology, and Challenges,” arXiv:2308.02805 [cs.CR], 2023.
[24] Y. Xin, et al., “Machine learning and deep learning methods for cybersecurity,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, 2018. Cited in insider threat detection contexts.
[25] P. Chattopadhyay, L. Wang, and Y. P. Tan, “Scenario-based insider threat detection from cyber activities,” IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 660–675, 2018.
[26] A. Apruzzese, M. Colajanni, L. Ferretti, A. Guido & M. Marchetti, “On the effectiveness of machine and deep learning for cybersecurity,” in Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Cyber Conflict (CyCon), 2018, pp. 371–390.
[27] Viswanathan, V. Generative AI for Smarter Workforce Planning and Enterprise Resource Decisions.
[28] “Intrusion detection in network traffic: supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised learning – taxonomy and evaluation metrics,” as summarized in survey literature on IDS (various authors). e.g., the comprehensive taxonomy in the 2021 IoT-networks review.
[29] Classical anomaly detection algorithm: M. M. Breunig, H.-P. Kriegel, R. T. Ng & J. Sander, “LOF: Identifying Density-based Local Outliers,” Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf., 2000. Its use is common in network anomaly detection contexts.